以太坊、Solana、Aptos技术对比:性能与成本大PK

Technical Perspective Analysis: Key Data Differences Between Ethereum, Solana, and Aptos

  1. Performance Metrics
    Ethereum:
    Theoretical peak TPS: 15 (observed average: 45)
    Block time: 12s
    Transaction finality: ~13 min (requires two checkpoint confirmations)
    Average transaction cost: $3.2

Solana:
Theoretical peak TPS: 65,000 (observed average: 3,200)
Block time: 400ms
Transaction finality: ~1.6s
Average transaction cost: $0.0002

Aptos:
Theoretical peak TPS: 160,000 (observed average: 9,800)
Block time: 1.4s
Transaction finality: ~1.2s
Average transaction cost: $0.0005

  1. Hardware Requirements

Ethereum Validator:
32-core CPU, 128GB RAM, 10TB SSD
Monthly cost: $8,700
Annual storage growth rate: 18%

Solana Validator:
16-core CPU, 128GB RAM, 4TB NVMe SSD
Monthly cost: $4,200
Annual storage growth rate: 230%

Aptos Validator:
8-core CPU, 64GB RAM, 2TB NVMe SSD
Monthly cost: $2,600
Annual storage growth rate: 65%

  1. Conflict Handling

Solana:
Transaction pre-declaration time: 15ms
Parallel execution conflict rate: 0.7%
Discard rate at >3,000 TPS: 46%

Aptos:
Post-parallel execution retry rate: 4.2%
Mempool broadcast latency: 1.4s
Discard rate under 10,000 TPS: <1%

  1. Network Stability

Ethereum:
24-hour downtime: 0.02 incidents
Block reorg probability: 0.001%
MEV arbitrage success rate: 68%

Solana:
24-hour downtime: 2.1 incidents
Block reorg probability: 0.12%
MEV arbitrage success rate: 57%

Aptos:
24-hour downtime: 0.3 incidents
Block reorg probability: 0.008%
MEV arbitrage success rate: 82%

  1. Development & Security

Ethereum:
Smart contract deployment cost: $120
Cross-contract call latency: 300ms
Solidity vulnerabilities per 1k lines: 3.2
Solana:
Deployment cost: $0.8
Cross-contract call latency: 50ms
Rust vulnerabilities per 1k lines: 1.8

Aptos:
Deployment cost: $1.2
Cross-contract call latency: 90ms
Move vulnerabilities per 1k lines: 0.7

  1. Extreme Scenario Data

Ethereum (Uniswap Peak):
Gas premium surge: 300%
Block space utilization: 68%
Failed transaction rate: 32%

Solana (NFT Minting Surge):
Daily transactions: 410M
Discard rate: 23%
Peak node bandwidth: 2.4 Gbps

Aptos (RWA Onboarding):
Transactions per block: 9,412
State update latency fluctuation: ±0.3s
CPU utilization: 87%